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At Cockroach Labs, we’ve spent a lot of time getting our SQL semantics to match PostgreSQL as much as possible - all so that you can use the awesome PostgreSQL language with a powerful, distributed backend like! Getting this right involves getting the Time, TimeTZ, Timestamp and TimestampTZ types right - which has proven quite the quest! Numerous bugs have been filed and fixed - and with it, our mastery of these types in PostgreSQL (and the Go time library) has increased! In this blog post, we’ll explore some intricacies we’ve found with these data types in PostgreSQL, and look at how we reproduce some of these features using Go and its ecosystem. We’ll share our recommendations for using these types along the way.

The first idea for a mainframe was developed by a Harvard researcher who took the concept to IBM in the 1930s. After a decade or so of development, the 5 ton machine – that filled an entire room and would cost around $3M today to build – was ready to use in 1943. Industries such as banking, retail, insurance, utilities, healthcare, and government still rely on their mainframes to handle their most sensitive, large-scale transactional data. Mainframes excel when it comes to security and reliability which is why many organizations trust them with their mission-critical workloads.

Cassie McAllister

July 6, 2023

Companies move to the cloud to take advantage of a wide variety of benefits, but building your infrastructure on a public cloud also comes with risks. Chief among them is vendor lock-in and the fear of being at a single cloud provider’s mercy, locked in behind what would be the months or years of work necessary to switch to a different cloud. But operating across multiple clouds at the same time is technically difficult and often prohibitively expensive. Many companies have embraced a different way of mitigating the lock-in risk: cloud portability.

Charlie Custer

July 5, 2023

We have officially started our expansion in India, marking a significant milestone in our global growth strategy. The move to India reflects our continued recognition of global talent and the country’s immense strategic potential to position our distributed SQL database to be used across the world.

Spencer Kimball

June 30, 2023

One of the most compelling reasons to use a SQL database is that it can enforce rules about data for you, ensuring that it can only enter the database if it meets your specifications. But for it to do that effectively, you have to tell it what those rules are, so let’s talk about SQL constraints and how to add a constraint.

Charlie Custer

June 29, 2023

When working with a database, it’s common practice to use some kind of id field to provide a unique identifier for each row in a table. Imagine, for example, a customers table. We wouldn’t want to use fields such as name or address as unique identifiers because it’s possible more than one customer could have the same name, or share the same address, or in some cases even both! Instead, it’s a good idea to assign each row some kind of truly unique identifier. One option we have is to use a UUID.

Charlie Custer

June 29, 2023

Foreign keys are an important element of any relational database. But when you’re setting up your database schema, it’s relatively easy to create problems for yourself if the foreign keys aren’t set up correctly. Here are three of the most common mistakes made with foreign keys, and a little advice on how to avoid them!

Charlie Custer

June 28, 2023

NOT NULL constraints are a ubiquitous tool for upholding data integrity. However, their performance benefits are less obvious. NOT NULL constraints provide a query optimizer with additional context that unlocks optimizations that significantly reduce query latency. In this post we’ll examine a few of these optimizations that transform query plans involving foreign key relationships.

Marcus Gartner

June 27, 2023

At Netflix, data movement and data processing are essential functions that present significant challenges because of the vastness of their data architecture. There are so many different data sources to keep in sync and so many different consumers of the data that need accurate (and often) real-time access. Solving these challenges requires some clever engineering gymnastics that we’ll get to below. The content for this blog comes from a conversation between Netflix Senior Engineer, Vlad Sydorenko, and our own Director of Engineering, Jordan Lewis, in which they unpack how Netflix moves and processes data that comes from CockroachDB. (If you want to get to know Vlad a little bit you can check out this short interview.) The insights gleaned from their event-driven system help drive important business decisions that create better user experiences and substantial value for the company. Those insights are possible because of the data mesh that connects different sources, defines a pipeline, and makes the data accessible and useful.

Dan Kelly

June 22, 2023