> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://www.cockroachlabs.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
# Performance Benchmarking with TPC-C
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This page shows you how to reproduce CockroachDB TPC-C performance benchmarking results. Across all scales, CockroachDB can process tpmC (new order transactions per minute) at near maximum efficiency. Start by choosing the scale you're interested in:
| Workload | Cluster size | Warehouses | Data size |
| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | --------- |
| Local | 3 nodes on your laptop | 10 | 2 GB |
| Local (multi-region) | 9 in-memory nodes on your laptop using `cockroach demo` | 10 | 2 GB |
| Small | 3 nodes on `c5d.4xlarge` machines | 2500 | 200 GB |
| Medium | 15 nodes on `c5d.4xlarge` machines | 13,000 | 1.04 TB |
| Large | 81 nodes on `c5d.9xlarge` machines | 140,000 | 11.2 TB |
## Before you begin
* TPC-C provides the most realistic and objective measure for OLTP performance at various scale factors. Before you get started, consider reviewing what TPC-C is and how it is measured.
* Make sure you have already installed CockroachDB.
## Step 1. Start CockroachDB
The `--insecure` flag used in this tutorial is intended for non-production testing only. To run CockroachDB in production, use a secure cluster instead.
In the terminal, use the `cockroach demo` command to start a simulated multi-region cluster with 9 nodes:
```shell theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
cockroach demo --global --nodes 9 --no-example-database --insecure
```
This simulated multi-region deployment will take advantage of CockroachDB's multi-region SQL statements to deliver improved ease of use and performance.
You must use the IP address shown at the SQL prompt to run the following steps.
This is necessary because the demo cluster may use a randomly allocated local IP that is not the `127.0.0.1` shown here.
## Step 2. Import the TPC-C dataset
CockroachDB comes with a number of built-in workloads for simulating client traffic. This step features CockroachDB's version of the [TPC-C](http://www.tpc.org/tpcc) workload.
In a second terminal window (call it terminal 2), use `cockroach workload` to load the initial schema and data:
```shell theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
cockroach workload init tpcc \
--warehouses=10 \
--partitions=3 \
--survival-goal zone \
--regions=europe-west1,us-east1,us-west1 \
'postgresql://root@127.0.0.1:26257/tpcc?sslmode=disable'
```
This will load 2 GB of data for 10 "warehouses", and spread the data across all 3 regions with a `ZONE` survival goal.
## Step 3. Run the benchmark
Run the workload for 10 "warehouses" of data for ten minutes. In order to spread the simulated workload across the 3 regions specified in the previous step, you will need to start each of the following commands from 3 different terminals:
In terminal 2:
```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
cockroach workload run tpcc \
--warehouses=10 \
--duration=10m \
--wait=true \
--partitions=3 \
--partition-affinity=0 \
--tolerate-errors \
--survival-goal zone \
--regions=europe-west1,us-east1,us-west1 \
'postgresql://root@127.0.0.1:26257/tpcc?sslmode=disable'
```
In terminal 3:
```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
cockroach workload run tpcc \
--warehouses=10 \
--duration=10m \
--wait=true \
--partitions=3 \
--partition-affinity=1 \
--tolerate-errors \
--survival-goal zone \
--regions=europe-west1,us-east1,us-west1 \
'postgresql://root@127.0.0.1:26260/tpcc?sslmode=disable'
```
In terminal 4:
```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
cockroach workload run tpcc \
--warehouses=10 \
--duration=10m \
--wait=true \
--partitions=3 \
--partition-affinity=2 \
--tolerate-errors \
--survival-goal zone \
--regions=europe-west1,us-east1,us-west1 \
'postgresql://root@127.0.0.1:26263/tpcc?sslmode=disable'
```
You'll see per-operation statistics every second:
```text theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
Initializing 20 connections...
Initializing 100 workers and preparing statements...
_elapsed___errors__ops/sec(inst)___ops/sec(cum)__p50(ms)__p95(ms)__p99(ms)_pMax(ms)
1.0s 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 delivery
1.0s 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 newOrder
...
105.0s 0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 delivery
105.0s 0 4.0 1.8 44.0 46.1 46.1 46.1 newOrder
105.0s 0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 orderStatus
105.0s 0 1.0 2.0 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 payment
105.0s 0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 stockLevel
...
```
For more `tpcc` options, use `cockroach workload run tpcc --help`. For details about other built-in load generators, use `cockroach workload run --help`.
## Step 4. Interpret the results
Once the `workload` has finished running, you'll see a final output line in each terminal window.
In terminal 2:
```text theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
_elapsed_______tpmC____efc__avg(ms)__p50(ms)__p90(ms)__p95(ms)__p99(ms)_pMax(ms)
600.0s 36.5 33.2% 170.6 44.0 536.9 872.4 1543.5 3087.0
```
In terminal 3:
```text theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
_elapsed_______tpmC____efc__avg(ms)__p50(ms)__p90(ms)__p95(ms)__p99(ms)_pMax(ms)
600.0s 36.5 28.4% 147.0 41.9 453.0 671.1 1342.2 1946.2
```
In terminal 4:
```text theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
_elapsed_______tpmC____efc__avg(ms)__p50(ms)__p90(ms)__p95(ms)__p99(ms)_pMax(ms)
600.0s 36.5 28.4% 222.8 46.1 704.6 1140.9 1744.8 2952.8
```
You will also see some audit checks and latency statistics for each individual query in each terminal. Some of those checks might indicate that they were `SKIPPED` due to insufficient data since this is a small run on a small machine. For a more comprehensive test, run `workload` for a longer duration (e.g., two hours). The `tpmC` (new order transactions/minute) number is the headline number and `efc` ("efficiency") tells you how close CockroachDB gets to theoretical maximum `tpmC`. In a perfect execution, the sum of efficiency across all partitions would be 100%.
## Step 5. Clean up
When you're done with your test cluster, switch back to terminal 1 where `cockroach demo` is still running and issue `\q` at the SQL prompt to gracefully shut down the demo cluster.
```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
\q
```